Nūhou Holoholona: Nā holomua i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka maʻi avian influenza

Nūhou 01

ʻIke mua ʻia ka subtype H4N6 o ka maʻi avian influenza i nā ʻiole mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ma ʻIseraʻela.

Avishai Lublin, Nikki Thie, Irina Shkoda, Luba Simanov, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Yigal Farnoushi, Roni King, Wayne M Getz, Pauline L Kamath, Rauri CK Bowie, Ran Nathan

PMID：35687561；DOI：10.1111/tbed.14610

He hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi ka maʻi Avian influenza (AIV) i ke olakino holoholona a me ke kanaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ma muli o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā manu wai hihiu i ka AIV ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, he mea nui ka noiʻi ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ka AIV i nā heluna hihiu no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā pathogen a me ka wānana ʻana i nā maʻi ahulau i nā holoholona home a me nā kānaka. Ma kēia noiʻi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka subtype AIV H4N6 no ka manawa mua mai nā laʻana fecal o nā ʻīlio ʻōmaʻomaʻo hihiu (Anas platyrhynchos) ma ʻIseraʻela. Hōʻike nā hopena phylogenetic o nā genes HA a me NA e pili pono ana kēia ʻano i nā isolates ʻEulopa a me ʻĀsia. Ma muli o ka noho ʻana o ʻIseraʻela ma ke ala neʻe ʻana o Middle Arctic-African, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻolauna ʻia ke ʻano e nā manu neʻe. Ua hōʻike ka loiloi phylogenetic o nā genes kūloko o ka isolate (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M a me NS) i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pilina phylogenetic i nā subtypes AIV ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike ana ua hana ʻia kahi hanana recombination ma mua ma kēia isolate. He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka hoʻohui hou ʻana o kēia ʻano H4N6 o AIV, hiki ke hoʻopili i nā puaʻa olakino a hoʻopaʻa i nā mea loaʻa kanaka, a hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi zoonotic i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Nūhou 02

ʻIkepili o ka maʻi avian influenza ma ka EU, Malaki-Iune 2022

Mana Palekana Meaʻai ʻEulopa, Ke Kikowaena ʻEulopa no ka Pale ʻana a me ka Mana ʻana i nā Maʻi, Keʻena Hoʻokolohua no ka Maʻi Manu o ka Hui ʻEulopa

PMID：35949938；PMCID：PMC9356771；DOI：10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

I ka makahiki 2021-2022, ʻo ka maʻi ahulau manu pathogenic kiʻekiʻe (HPAI) ka maʻi ahulau koʻikoʻi loa ma ʻEulopa, me 2,398 mau maʻi ahulau manu ma 36 mau ʻāina ʻEulopa i hopena i ka pepehi ʻia ʻana o 46 miliona mau manu. ma waena o 16 Malaki a me 10 Iune 2022, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he 28 mau ʻāina EU/EEA a me UK 1 182 mau ʻano o ka maʻi ahulau manu pathogenic kiʻekiʻe (HPAIV) mai nā manu (750 mau hihia), nā holoholona hihiu (410 mau hihia) a me nā manu pio (22 mau hihia). I ka wā i loiloi ʻia ai, 86% o nā maʻi ahulau manu ma muli o ka laha ʻana o HPAIV, me Palani e helu ana no 68% o nā maʻi ahulau manu holoʻokoʻa, Hungary no 24% a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia no ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 2% pākahi. ʻO Kelemania ka nui o nā maʻi ahulau i nā manu hihiu (158 mau hihia), ukali ʻia e Netherlands (98 mau hihia) a me UK (48 mau hihia).

Hōʻike nā hopena o nā loiloi genetic e pili ana ka HPAIV i kēia manawa ma ʻEulopa i ka spectrum 2.3.4 b. Mai ka hōʻike hope loa, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻehā mau maʻi H5N6, ʻelua H9N2 a me ʻelua H3N8 ma Kina a ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻokahi maʻi H5N1 ma USA. Ua loiloi ʻia ka pilikia o ka maʻi he haʻahaʻa no ka heluna kanaka maʻamau a haʻahaʻa a kaulike no nā heluna kanaka i hōʻike ʻia i ka hana ma EU/EEA.

 Nūhou 03

Hoʻopilikia nā loli ma nā koena 127, 183 a me 212 ma ka gene HA

ʻO ka antigenicity, ka replication a me ka pathogenicity o ka maʻi H9N2 avian influenza

Menglu Fan，Bing Liang，ʻO Yongzhen Zhao，ʻO Yaping Zhang，Qingzheng Liu，Miao Tian，ʻO Yiqing Zheng，Huizhi Xia，ʻO Yasuo Suzuki，Hualan Chen，Jihui Ping

PMID：34724348；DOI：10.1111/tbed.14363

ʻO ke ʻano H9N2 o ka maʻi avian influenza (AIV) kekahi o nā ʻano nui e hoʻopilikia ana i ke olakino o ka ʻoihana manu. Ma kēia noiʻi, ʻelua mau ʻano o ka H9N2 subtype AIV me ke ʻano genetic like akā ʻokoʻa ka antigenicity, i kapa ʻia ʻo A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) a me A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kahi mahi manu. Ua hōʻike ka loiloi moʻo he ʻokoʻa ʻo JS/75 a me JS/76 i ʻekolu mau koena amino acid (127, 183 a me 212) o haemagglutinin (HA). No ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā waiwai olaola ma waena o JS/75 a me JS/76, ua hana ʻia ʻeono mau virus recombinant me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala genetic reverse me A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) ma ke ʻano he kaulahao nui. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili mai nā hoʻāʻo hoʻouka moa a me nā hoʻāʻo HI ua hōʻike ʻo r-76/PR8 i ka pakele antigenic koʻikoʻi loa ma muli o nā mutations amino acid ma nā kūlana 127 a me 183 i loko o ka gene HA. Ua hōʻoia nā haʻawina hou aku ua hana ʻia ka glycosylation ma ka pūnaewele 127N ma JS/76 a me kāna mau mutants. Ua hōʻike nā hoʻāʻo hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka receptor ua hoʻopaʻa koke ʻia nā virus recombinant āpau, koe wale nō ka mutant 127N glycosylation-deficient, i nā mea loaʻa humanoid. Ua hōʻike nā kinetics ulu a me nā hoʻāʻo hoʻouka ʻiole ua emi iki ka hana ʻana o ka virus 127N-glycosylated i loko o nā pūnaewele A549 a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pathogenic i nā ʻiole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka virus wild-type. No laila, ʻo ka glycosylation a me nā mutations amino acid i loko o ka gene HA ke kuleana no nā ʻokoʻa o ka antigenicity a me ka pathogenicity o nā ʻano H9N2 2.

Puna: Kina Holoholona Ola Kino a me ke Kikowaena Epidemiology