Nūhou Veterinary: Nā holomua i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi Avian

Nūhou 01

ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka subtype H4N6 o ka maʻi maʻi avian influenza i loko o nā ducks mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ma ʻIseraʻela

Avishai Lublin, Nikki Thie, Irina Shkoda, Luba Simanov, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Yigal Farnoushi, Roni King, Wayne M Getz, Pauline L Kamath, Rauri CK Bowie, Ran Nathan

PMID：35687561；DOI：10.1111/tbed.14610

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi Avian (AIV) he mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ke olakino holoholona a me ke kanaka a puni ka honua. Ke hoʻoili ʻia nei ka AIV i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ka AIV i nā heluna hihiu he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka pathogen a me ka wānana ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. I loko o kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka H4N6 subtype AIV no ka manawa mua mai nā laʻana faecal o nā ʻeke ʻōmaʻomaʻo hihiu (Anas platyrhynchos) i loko o ka ʻIseraʻela. ʻO nā hualoaʻa phylogenetic o nā genes HA a me NA e hōʻike ana he pili pili kēia ʻano i nā ʻāpana ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. No ka mea aia ʻo ʻIseraʻela ma ke ala neʻe i waena o Arctic-Africa, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia pilikia e nā manu lele. Hōʻike ʻia ka loiloi phylogenetic o nā genes kūloko o ka mea hoʻokaʻawale (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M a me NS) i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pili phylogenetic i nā subtypes AIV ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike ana ua loaʻa kahi hanana recombination mua i kēia kaʻawale. He kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻohui hou ʻana o kēia H4N6 subtype o AIV, hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i nā puaʻa olakino a hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hoʻokipa kanaka, a hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi zoonotic i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Nūhou 02

ʻO ka ʻike nui o ka maʻi avian i ka EU, Malaki-Iune 2022

ʻEuropean Food Safety Authority，European Center for the Disease Prevention and Control，European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza

PMID：35949938；PMCID：PMC9356771；DOI：10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

I ka makahiki 2021-2022, ʻo ka maʻi maʻi avian maikaʻi loa (HPAI) ka maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi loa ma ʻEulopa, me 2,398 mau maʻi avian ma 36 mau ʻāina ʻEulopa ma muli o 46 miliona mau manu i ʻoki ʻia. ma waena o 16 Malaki a me 10 Iune 2022, he 28 mau ʻāina EU/EEA a me UK 1 182 strains of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā moa (750 mau hihia), nā holoholona hihiu (410 mau hihia) a me nā manu pio (22). nā hihia). I loko o ka manawa i nānā ʻia, ʻo 86% o nā ʻōpala moa ma muli o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o HPAIV, me ka helu ʻana o Farani no ka 68% o nā ʻino moa holoʻokoʻa, ʻo Hungary no 24% a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia no ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 2% kēlā me kēia. Ua loaʻa iā Kelemania ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o nā maʻi ʻino i nā manu hihiu (158 mau hihia), a ukali ʻia e Netherlands (98 mau hihia) a me UK (48 mau hihia).

Hōʻike nā hopena o nā kānana genetic e pili ana ka HPAIV i kēia manawa ma ʻEulopa i ka spectrum 2.3.4 b. Mai ka hōʻike hope loa, ʻehā H5N6, ʻelua H9N2 a me ʻelua H3N8 maʻi kanaka i hōʻike ʻia ma Kina a hoʻokahi maʻi H5N1 kanaka i hōʻike ʻia ma USA. Ua helu ʻia ka pilikia o ka maʻi ma ke ʻano he haʻahaʻa no ka heluna lehulehu a haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa no ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia i ka hana ma EU/EEA.

 Nūhou 03

ʻO nā hoʻololi ʻana ma nā koena 127, 183 a me 212 ma ka hopena HA gene

Antigenicity, replication a pathogenicity o H9N2 avian influenza virus

Menglu Fan，Bing Liang，ʻO Yongzhen Zhao，ʻO Yaping Zhang，Qingzheng Liu，Miao Tian，ʻO Yiqing Zheng，Huizhi Xia，ʻO Yasuo Suzuki，Hualan Chen，Jihui Ping

PMID：34724348；DOI：10.1111/tbed.14363

ʻO ka subtype H9N2 o ka avian influenza virus (AIV) kekahi o nā ʻano subtypes nui e pili ana i ke olakino o ka ʻoihana moa. I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ʻelua mau kānana o ka H9N2 subtype AIV me ke ʻano genetic like ʻole akā ʻokoʻa ka antigenicity, i kapa ʻia ʻo A/moa/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) a me A/moa/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), ua kaawale mai kahi mahi moa. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ke kaʻina o ka JS/75 a me ka JS/76 i ʻekolu koena amino acid (127, 183 a me 212) o ka haemagglutinin (HA). No ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā waiwai olaola ma waena o JS/75 a me JS/76, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi virus recombinant ʻeono me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano hoʻohālikelike hoʻohuli me A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) ke kaulahao nui. Ua hōʻike ka ʻikepili mai nā hoʻāʻo hoʻouka ʻana o ka moa a me nā hoʻāʻo HI i hōʻike ʻia ka r-76/PR8 i ka pakele antigenic i ʻōlelo ʻia ma muli o nā hoʻololi ʻana o ka amino acid ma nā kūlana 127 a me 183 ma ka gene HA. ʻO nā haʻawina hou i hōʻoia i ka glycosylation ma ka pūnaewele 127N i JS/76 a me kāna mau mutants. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi recombinant a pau, koe ka 127N glycosylation-deficient mutant, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea hoʻokipa humanoid. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kinetics ulu a me ka hoʻouka ʻiole i ka 127N-glycosylated virus i hoʻopiʻi liʻiliʻi i loko o nā cell A549 a ʻoi aku ka maʻi pathogenic i nā ʻiole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻano hihiu. No laila, ʻo ka glycosylation a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka waikawa amino i ka gene HA ke kuleana no nā ʻokoʻa o ka antigenicity a me ka pathogenicity o nā 2 H9N2 strains.

Puna: China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center