Nature's Top Ten People in Science:

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Yunlong Cao o Peking University no ka noiʻi coronavirus hou

Ma ka lā 15 Kekemapa 2022, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Nature i kāna Nature's 10, he papa inoa o nā kānaka he ʻumi i komo i loko o nā hanana ʻepekema nui o ka makahiki, a hāʻawi nā moʻolelo i kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa i kekahi o nā hanana ʻepekema koʻikoʻi o kēia makahiki kupaianaha.

I loko o hoʻokahi makahiki o nā pilikia a me nā ʻike hoihoi, ua koho ʻo Nature i nā kānaka he ʻumi mai ka poʻe astronomers i kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka noho lōʻihi loa o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i nā mea noiʻi i hana nui i ka New Crown a me nā maʻi maʻi monkeypox, i nā mea lapaʻau i uhaki i nā palena o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kino. , wahi a Rich Monastersky, ka luna hoʻoponopono o Nature Features.

ʻO Yunlong Cao mai ka Biomedical Frontier Innovation Center (BIOPIC) ma ke Kulanui o Peking. Ua puka ʻo Kauka Cao mai ke Kulanui ʻo Zhejiang me ke kēkelē laepua ma ka Physics a ua loaʻa iā ia kāna PhD mai ke Keʻena ʻOihana Kimia a me Chemical Biology o Harvard University ma lalo o Xiaoliang Xie, a i kēia manawa he Associate Research ma ka Biomedical Frontier Innovation Center ma Peking University. Ke nānā nei ʻo Yunlong Cao i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana sequencing hoʻokahi-cell, a ua kōkua kāna noiʻi e nānā i ka ulu ʻana o nā coronaviruses hou a wānana i kekahi o nā mutations e alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano mutant hou.

Ma ka 18 Mei 2020, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao et al. paʻi i kahi pepa i loko o ka puke moʻolelo Cell i kapa ʻia: "Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 i ʻike ʻia e ke kiʻekiʻe-throughput single-cell sequencing o nā mea maʻi convalescent 'B cell" Ka pepa noiʻi.

Hōʻike kēia haʻawina i nā hopena o kahi pale pale antibody coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) hou, i hoʻohana i kahi kiʻekiʻe-throughput single-cell RNA a me VDJ sequencing platform e ʻike ai i ka 14 ikaika neutralizing monoclonal antibodies mai ka 8500 antigen-bound IgG1 antibodies i loko. He 60 mau maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i hoʻōla.

Hōʻike kēia haʻawina no ka manawa mua e hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻokahi-kelepona kiʻekiʻe no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a loaʻa iā ia ka pōmaikaʻi o ke kaʻina wikiwiki a maikaʻi hoʻi, e hoʻohiki ana e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana o nā kānaka no ka pale ʻana i nā antibodies i nā maʻi maʻi.

Ma ka 17 Iune 2022, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao et al. ua paʻi i kahi pepa i kapa ʻia: BA.2.12.1, BA.4 a me BA.5 pakele i nā antibodies i loaʻa e ka maʻi Omicron ma ka puke pai Nature.

Ua ʻike ʻia kēia haʻawina ʻo nā subtypes hou o ka Omicron mutant strains BA.2.12.1, BA.4 a me BA.5 i hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka pakele a me ka neutralization koʻikoʻi o ka pakele plasma i nā maʻi i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻo Omicron BA.1.

Ke hōʻike nei kēia mau ʻike ʻaʻole kūpono hou ka lāʻau lapaʻau Omicron i hoʻokumu ʻia e BA.1 ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika i ka pōʻaiapili o kēia manawa a ʻaʻole e hāʻawi nā antibodies i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka pale ākea ākea e kūʻē i ke ʻano mutant hou. Eia kekahi, paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka maʻi herd ma o ka maʻi Omicron ma muli o ke ʻano 'immunogenic' o nā coronaviruses hou a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pae hoʻololi ʻana.

Ma 30 ʻOkakopa 2022, ua paʻi ka hui o Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao i kahi pepa noiʻi i kapa ʻia: Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution in the preprint bioRxiv.

Ke hōʻike nei kēia haʻawina ʻo ka maikaʻi o XBB ma luna o BQ.1 ma muli paha o nā hoʻololi ma waho o ka receptor binding domain (RBD) o ka spinosin, ʻo ia hoʻi he hoʻololi ʻia ʻo XBB i nā ʻāpana o ka genome e hoʻopili ana i ka N-terminal structural domain (NTD). ) o ka spinosin, a hiki i ka XBB ke pakele i ka pale ʻana i nā antibodies e kū'ē i ka NTD, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i ka poʻe i pale ʻole i ka BQ.1 a me nā subtypes pili. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana ma ka ʻāina NTD e hana nei ma BQ.1 i ka wikiwiki loa. Hoʻonui nui kēia mau hoʻololi ʻana i ka hiki o kēia mau ʻokoʻa ke pakele i nā antibodies neutralizing i hana ʻia e ka maʻi a me nā maʻi ma mua.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Yunlong Cao aia paha kekahi palekana e kūʻē iā XBB inā loaʻa i ka maʻi BQ.1, akā pono ka noiʻi hou e hāʻawi i nā hōʻike no kēia.

Ma kahi o Yunlong Cao, ʻelua mau kānaka i hana i ka papa inoa no kā lākou mau haʻawina koʻikoʻi i nā pilikia olakino o ka honua, ʻo Lisa McCorkell lāua ʻo Dimie Ogoina.

He mea noiʻi ʻo Lisa McCorkell me Long COVID a ma ke ʻano he lālā hoʻokumu o ka Patient-Led Research Collaborative, ua kōkua ʻo ia e hoʻonui i ka ʻike a me ke kālā no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka maʻi.

ʻO Dimie Ogoina he kauka maʻi maʻi maʻi ma ke Kulanui ʻo Niger Delta ma Nigeria a ʻo kāna hana ma ka maʻi maʻi monkeypox ma Nigeria ua hāʻawi i ka ʻike nui i ka hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi monkeypox.

Ma Ianuali 10, 2022, ua hoʻolaha ke Kula Nui o Maryland School of Medicine i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka puʻuwai puaʻa i hoʻoponopono mua ʻia ma ka honua i loko o kahi kanaka ola, i ka manawa i loaʻa ai iā David Bennett ka mea maʻi puʻuwai he 57 mau makahiki i kahi transplant puʻuwai puaʻa i hoʻoponopono ʻia e hoʻopakele i kona ola. .

ʻOiai ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kēia puʻuwai puaʻa i ke ola o David Bennett i ʻelua mahina, ua lanakila nui ia a me kahi holomua mōʻaukala ma ke kahua o ka xenotransplantation. ʻO Muhammad Mohiuddin, ke kauka lapaʻau nāna i alakaʻi i ka hui nāna i hoʻopau i kēia hoʻololi kanaka o ka puʻuwai puaʻa i hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka genetically, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka papa inoa ʻo Nature's Top 10 People of the Year.

Ua koho ʻia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe no ka holomua ʻana i nā hoʻokō ʻepekema kupaianaha a me nā holomua kulekele koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka astronomer Jane Rigby o NASA's Goddard Space Center, nāna i hana nui i loko o ka Webb Space Telescope e kiʻi i ka telescope i ka lewa a hana pono, e lawe ana i ka hiki o ke kanaka e makaʻala. ke ao holoʻokoʻa i kahi kūlana hou a kiʻekiʻe. Ua kōkua ʻo alondra Nelson, ʻo ia ka US Science and Technology Policy Acting Director of the Office of Science and Technology, i ka hoʻokele ʻana o Pelekikena Biden e hoʻomohala i nā mea koʻikoʻi o kāna papahana ʻepekema, me kahi kulekele e pili ana i ka pono ʻepekema a me nā alakaʻi hou no ka ʻepekema wehe. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Diana Greene Foster, he mea noiʻi hoʻomake a me ka demographer ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Kapalakiko, i ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia o ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a ka ʻAha Kiekie o ʻAmelika e hoʻokahuli i nā pale kānāwai no nā kuleana hoʻomake.

Aia kekahi mau inoa ma ka papa helu ʻumi o kēia makahiki e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe o ka honua. ʻO lākou: António Guterres, Kakauolelo Nui o ka United Nations, Saleemul Huq, Luna Hoʻokele o ka International Center for Climate Change and Development ma Dhaka, Bangladesh, a me Svitlana Krakovska, ke poʻo o ka ʻelele Ukrainian i ka UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC).