Nā mea hoʻopilikia i nā hopena PCR

I ka wā o ka hopena PCR, ʻike pinepine ʻia kekahi mau mea hoʻopilikia.
Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka PCR, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka contamination kekahi o nā mea nui e pili ana i nā hopena PCR a hiki ke hoʻopuka i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
He koʻikoʻi like nā kumu like ʻole e alakaʻi i nā hopena hoʻopunipuni. Inā hōʻole ʻia a hoʻopilikia ʻia kekahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hui ʻana o ka PCR a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana, hiki ke pale ʻia ka ʻike diagnostic. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka pono a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole hoʻopunipuni.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hiki ke nalowale ka paʻa o ka nucleic acid ma muli o ka hoʻouna ʻana a/a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana. ʻO ka mea nui, hiki i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka mālama pono ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka pōʻino o nā cell a me nā waikawa nucleic. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke kelepona a me ka ʻiʻo a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka paraffin nā kumu i ʻike ʻia o ka ʻāpana DNA a me ka pilikia mau (e nānā i nā Kiʻi 1 a me 2). I kēia mau hihia, ʻaʻole kōkua ka hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Ka hopena hoʻokolohua

Kii 1 | Ka hopena o ka immobilization ma ka pono DNA
Ua hōʻike ʻo Agarose gel electrophoresis i ka ʻokoʻa o ka maikaʻi o ka DNA i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā ʻāpana paraffin o nā autopsies. Aia ka DNA o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i loko o nā unuhi ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻoponopono. Mālama ʻia ka DNA i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai i loko o nā laʻana maloʻo maloʻo a i loko o ka formalin neutral buffered. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi Bouin fixative ikaika a i ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia, formic acid-containing formalin i hopena i ka nalowale nui o DNA. ʻO ka hakina i koe he ʻāpana nui.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, hōʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana i nā kilobase pairs (kbp)
Nā hopena hoʻokolohua
Helu 2 | Nalo o ka pono o ka nucleic acid target
(a) He 3′-5′ āpau ma nā kaula ʻelua e hopena i ka haki ʻana i ka DNA i manaʻo ʻia. E mau ana ka synthesis o DNA ma ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, inā nalo kahi kahua hoʻopili mua ma ka ʻāpana DNA, hiki ke hoʻonui laina laina. I ka hihia maikaʻi loa, hiki i nā ʻāpana ke hoʻohui hou kekahi i kekahi, akā liʻiliʻi nā hua a ma lalo o nā pae ʻike.
(b) ʻO ka nalo ʻana o nā kumu, ma muli o ka depurination a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o thymidine dimer, alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā paʻa-H a me ka emi ʻana o Tm. I ka wā hoʻomehana elongated, e hoʻoheheʻe nā primers mai ka matrix DNA a ʻaʻole e hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana liʻiliʻi.
(c) Hoʻokumu nā kumu thymine pili i kahi dimer TT.
ʻO kekahi pilikia maʻamau i loaʻa pinepine i ka diagnostics molecular ʻo ia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻakika nucleic target i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka phenol-chloroform extraction. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia me nā mea hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka nui o ka manawa ma ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana i ka lysis a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe enzymatic o nā ʻōpala cell, akā ke hopena pinepine kēia ʻano i ka haʻahaʻa PCR ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka waikawa nucleic.

Ka pale ʻana i ka hana polymerase i ka wā hoʻonui

Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻohana ʻia ka inhibition e like me ka manaʻo pahu e wehewehe i nā kumu āpau e alakaʻi i nā hopena PCR suboptimal. Ma ka manaʻo biochemical paʻa, ua kaupalena ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka enzyme, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻemi a pale i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka substrate-huahana ma o ka launa pū ʻana me ke kahua ikaika o ka DNA polymerase a i ʻole kona cofactor (e laʻa, Mg2+ no Taq DNA polymerase).
ʻO nā mea i loko o ka laʻana a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopaʻa like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana i loaʻa nā reagents hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pololei i ka enzyme a i ʻole he pahele i kona mau cofactors (e laʻa me EDTA), ma laila e hoʻopau ʻole ai i ka polymerase a alakaʻi i nā hopena PCR maikaʻi ʻole.
Eia nō naʻe, ua koho ʻia ka nui o nā pilina ma waena o nā mea hoʻohālikelike a me nā ʻakika nucleic i loaʻa i ka pahuhopu he 'PCR inhibitors'. Ke hoʻopau ʻia ka pono o ke kelepona e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻakika nucleic, hiki ke hana ʻia nā pilina ma waena o ka hāpana a me kona hopena a puni a me ka pae paʻa. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā 'scavengers' ke hoʻopaʻa i ka DNA i hoʻokahi a i ʻole pālua ma o ka pilina non-covalent a keakea i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā pahu hopu i hiki i ka moku hopena PCR.
Ma keʻano laulā, aia ka PCR inhibitors i ka hapa nui o nā wai kino a me nā reagents i hoʻohana ʻia no nā hoʻāʻo diagnostic clinical (urea i loko o ka mimi, hemoglobin a me heparin i loko o ke koko), nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai (nā ʻāpana organik, glycogen, momona, Ca2+ ion) a me nā mea i loko o ke kaiapuni (phenols. , metala kaumaha)

Nā mea pale

Puna

ʻO nā iona calcium

Waiu, iwi iwi

Collagen

Kiʻi

Nā paʻakai bile

Feces

Hemoglobin

I ke koko

Hemoglobin

Nā laʻana koko

ʻakika humic

Ka lepo, kanu

Koko

Koko

Lactoferrin

Koko

(European) melanin

ʻIli, lauoho

Myoglobin

ʻiʻo ʻiʻo

Polysaccharides

Mea kanu, feces

Protease

Waiu

Urea

Mimi

Mucopolysaccharide

Cartilage, mucous membranes

Lignin, cellulose

Nā mea kanu

Hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea hoʻopaneʻe PCR nui aʻe i loko o nā maʻi bacteria a me nā eukaryotic cell, DNA non-target, DNA-binding macromolecules o nā matrices tissue a me nā mea hana keʻena e like me nā mīkina lima a me nā plastics. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā waikawa nucleic i ka wā a i ʻole ma hope o ka unuhi ʻana ʻo ia ke ala i makemake ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i ka PCR inhibitors.
I kēia lā, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻokoʻa like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka 100% hoʻihoʻi a / a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā pahuhopu. Loaʻa paha nā mea hoʻopaneʻe kūpono i loko o nā ʻakika nucleic i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a i ʻole i hoʻohana mua ʻia. Aia nā hoʻolālā like ʻole e hōʻemi i ka hopena o nā inhibitors. ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka polymerase kūpono hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena nui i ka hana inhibitor. ʻO nā ala ʻē aʻe i hōʻoia ʻia e hōʻemi i ka pale ʻana i ka PCR ke hoʻonui nei i ka ʻike polymerase a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui e like me BSA.
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka pale ʻana i nā hopena PCR ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o ke kaʻina hana kūloko (IPC).
Pono e mālama i ka wehe ʻana i nā reagents a me nā mea hoʻonā ʻē aʻe i loko o ka pahu hoʻoheheʻe, e like me ka ethanol, EDTA, CETAB, LiCl, GuSCN, SDS, isopropanol a me phenol, mai ka nucleic acid i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi kaʻina holoi holoi. Ma muli o ko lākou manaʻo ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻāla a pale i ka PCR.


Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-19-2023
Nā hoʻonohonoho pilikino
Mālama i ka ʻae Kuki
No ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻike maikaʻi loa, hoʻohana mākou i nā ʻenehana e like me nā kuki no ka mālama ʻana a/a i ʻole ke kiʻi ʻana i ka ʻike ʻikepili. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana i kēia mau ʻenehana e ʻae iā mākou e hana i ka ʻikepili e like me ka nānā ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​ID kūʻokoʻa ma kēia pūnaewele. ʻAʻole ʻae a ʻae ʻole i ka ʻae, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona a me nā hana.
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