Nā hopena o nā hawewe electromagnetic ma nā maʻi pathogenic a me nā hana pili: kahi loiloi ma ka Journal of Virology

Ua lilo nā maʻi maʻi pathogenic i pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka lehulehu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i nā maʻi maʻi ke hoʻopōʻino i nā mea ola a pau a hoʻoulu i nā pae like ʻole o ka hōʻeha a me ka pōʻino, e alakaʻi ana i ka maʻi a me ka make. Me ka laha o na ma'i ma'i pathogenic e like me ka ma'i ma'i hanu nui loa coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pono e ho'omohala i nā ala kūpono a palekana no ka ho'opau 'ana i nā ma'i pathogenic. ʻO nā ʻano hana kuʻuna no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi pathogenic he kūpono akā loaʻa kekahi mau palena. Me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mana komo kiʻekiʻe, ka resonance kino a me ka ʻole o ka pollution, ua lilo nā hawewe electromagnetic i hoʻolālā kūpono no ka inactivation o nā maʻi maʻi pathogenic a ke huki nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana. Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā paʻi hou e pili ana i ka hopena o nā hawewe electromagnetic i nā maʻi pathogenic a me kā lākou mau hana, a me nā manaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hawewe electromagnetic no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi pathogenic, a me nā manaʻo a me nā ala hou no ia inactivation.
He nui nā maʻi maʻi e pālahalaha wikiwiki, hoʻomau no ka manawa lōʻihi, he pathogenic nui a hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi maʻi honua a me nā pilikia olakino. ʻO ka pale ʻana, ka ʻike ʻana, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana he mau hana koʻikoʻi e hoʻōki i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻopau wikiwiki a me ka maikaʻi o nā maʻi pathogenic e pili ana i ka prophylactic, pale, a me ka hoʻopau kumu. ʻO ka inactivation o nā maʻi maʻi pathogenic e ka luku physiological e hōʻemi i ko lākou infectivity, pathogenicity a me ka hiki ke hānau keiki he ala kūpono ia o kā lākou hoʻopau ʻana. ʻO nā hana kuʻuna, me ka wela kiʻekiʻe, nā kemika a me ka radiation ionizing, hiki ke hoʻopau pono i nā maʻi pathogenic. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i kēia mau ʻano nā palena. No laila, aia nō ke koi wikiwiki e hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā hou no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi pathogenic.
ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā hawewe electromagnetic ka maikaʻi o ka mana komo kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻomehana wikiwiki a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana, ka resonance me nā microorganisms a me ka hoʻokuʻu plasma, a ua manaʻo ʻia e lilo i ala kūpono no ka inactivating pathogenic virus [1,2,3]. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hiki o nā hawewe electromagnetic ke hoʻopau i nā maʻi pathogenic i ke kenekulia hope [4]. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hawewe electromagnetic no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi pathogenic. Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka hopena o nā hawewe electromagnetic ma nā maʻi pathogenic a me kā lākou mau hana, hiki ke lilo i alakaʻi kūpono no ka noiʻi kumu a noiʻi.
Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona morphological o nā maʻi ke hōʻike i nā hana e like me ke ola a me ka infectivity. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo nā hawewe electromagnetic, ʻoi aku ka ultra high frequency (UHF) a me ka ultra high frequency (EHF) electromagnetic waves, hiki ke hoʻopau i ka morphology o nā maʻi.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Bacteriophage MS2 (MS2) i nā wahi noiʻi like ʻole e like me ka loiloi disinfection, kinetic modeling (aqueous), a me ke ʻano kūlohelohe o nā molekole viral [5, 6]. Ua ʻike ʻo Wu ʻo nā microwaves ma 2450 MHz a me 700 W ka mea i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻana o MS2 aquatic phages ma hope o 1 minuke o ka irradiation pololei [1]. Ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo hou ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻihaʻi ma ka ʻili o ka MS2 phage [7]. Ua hōʻike ʻo Kaczmarczyk [8] i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā laʻana o ka coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) i nā nalu millimeter me ke alapine o 95 GHz a me ka mana mana o 70 a 100 W/cm2 no 0.1 s. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā puka nui i loko o ka pūpū spherical ʻoʻoleʻa o ka maʻi, e alakaʻi ana i ka nalowale o kāna mau mea. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā hawewe electromagnetic hiki ke hoʻopau i nā ʻano viral. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā loli i nā waiwai morphological, e like me ke ʻano, ke anawaena a me ka maʻalahi o ka ʻili, ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi me ka radiation electromagnetic. No laila, he mea nui e nānā i ka pilina ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona morphological a me nā pilikia hana, hiki ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona waiwai a kūpono hoʻi no ka loiloi ʻana i ka inactivation virus [1].
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana viral ka mea maʻamau i loko o kahi nucleic acid (RNA a i ʻole DNA) a me kahi capsid waho. Hoʻoholo ka ʻakika nucleic i nā ʻano genetic a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā maʻi. ʻO ka capsid ka papa waho o nā subunits protein i hoʻonohonoho mau ʻia, ka scaffolding kumu a me ka mea antigenic o nā ʻāpana viral, a pale pū kekahi i nā waikawa nucleic. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi he ʻano envelop i hana ʻia me nā lipids a me nā glycoproteins. Eia kekahi, hoʻoholo nā protein envelop i ka kikoʻī o nā mea loaʻa a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he antigens nui i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana immune o ka host. ʻO ka hoʻolālā piha e hōʻoia i ka kūpaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa genetic o ka maʻi.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi e hiki i nā nalu electromagnetic, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hawewe electromagnetic UHF, hiki ke hōʻino i ka RNA o nā maʻi maʻi. Ua hōʻike pololei ʻo Wu [1] i ke kaiapuni wai o ka maʻi MS2 i 2450 MHz microwaves no 2 mau minuke a nānā i nā genes e hoʻopili ana i ka protein A, ka protein capsid, ka protein replicase, a me ka protein cleavage e ka gel electrophoresis a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka transcription polymerase chain reaction. RT-PCR). Ua luku ʻia kēia mau genes me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mana a nalo aku i ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa. No ka laʻana, ua emi loa ka hōʻike o ka protein A gene (934 bp) ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i nā hawewe electromagnetic me ka mana o 119 a me 385 W a nalowale loa i ka wā i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka nui o ka mana i 700 W. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻikepili i hiki i nā hawewe electromagnetic. ma muli o ka nui, e hoʻopau i ke ʻano o ka nucleic acid o nā maʻi.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou e pili ana ka hopena o nā hawewe electromagnetic i nā protein viral pathogenic ma muli o kā lākou hopena thermal indirect ma luna o nā mediators a me kā lākou hopena indirect i ka synthesis protein ma muli o ka luku ʻana i nā waikawa nucleic [1, 3, 8, 9]. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā hopena athermic ke hoʻololi i ka polarity a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā protein viral [1, 10, 11]. ʻO ka hopena pololei o nā hawewe electromagnetic ma luna o nā protein kumu kumu / non-structural protein e like me nā protein capsid, nā protein envelop a i ʻole nā ​​​​protein spike o nā maʻi pathogenic e koi hou aku i ka noiʻi. Ua manaʻo hou ʻia he 2 mau minuke o ka radiation electromagnetic ma ke alapine o 2.45 GHz me ka mana o 700 W hiki ke launa pū me nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā uku protein ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wahi wela a me ka oscillating elele ma o nā hopena electromagnetic maʻemaʻe [12].
ʻO ka envelop o kahi maʻi pathogenic pili pili i kona hiki ke hoʻopili a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau haʻawina e hiki i nā hawewe electromagnetic UHF a me ka microwave ke hoʻopau i nā pūpū o nā maʻi maʻi. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lua ʻokoʻa i loko o ka envelope viral o ka coronavirus 229E ma hope o ka 0.1 kekona o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka nalu 95 GHz millimeter ma kahi mana mana o 70 a 100 W/cm2 [8]. ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu resonant o nā hawewe electromagnetic hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke koʻikoʻi e hoʻopau i ke ʻano o ka envelop virus. No nā maʻi maʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka envelop, e emi ana ka maʻi a i ʻole kekahi hana a nalowale loa [13, 14]. Ua hōʻike ʻo Yang [13] i ka maʻi influenza H3N2 (H3N2) a me ka maʻi influenza H1N1 (H1N1) i nā microwaves ma 8.35 GHz, 320 W/m² a me 7 GHz, 308 W/m², no 15 mau minuke. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hōʻailona RNA o nā maʻi maʻi pathogenic i ʻike ʻia i nā nalu electromagnetic a me kahi kumu hoʻohālike i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hau a hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia i loko o ka nitrogen wai no kekahi mau pōʻai, ua hana ʻia ʻo RT-PCR. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he kūlike loa nā hōʻailona RNA o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻelua. Hōʻike kēia mau hualoaʻa ua hoʻopau ʻia ke ʻano kino o ka maʻi a ua luku ʻia ke ʻano o ka envelopp ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka radiation microwave.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hana o kahi maʻi ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻopā, hana hou a paʻi. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ka hana ma ke ana ʻana i nā titers viral me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua plaque, tissue culture median infective dose (TCID50), a i ʻole luciferase reporter gene activity. Akā hiki ke loiloi pololei ʻia ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka maʻi ola a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i ka antigen viral, viral particle density, virus survival, etc.
Ua hōʻike ʻia e hiki i nā hawewe electromagnetic UHF, SHF a me EHF ke hoʻopau pololei i nā aerosol viral a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻomaʻi wai. Ua hōʻike ʻo Wu [1] i ka MS2 bacteriophage aerosol i hana ʻia e kahi nebulizer laboratory i nā hawewe electromagnetic me ke alapine o 2450 MHz a me ka mana o 700 W no 1.7 min, ʻoiai ʻo ka MS2 bacteriophage ola ola he 8.66% wale nō. E like me MS2 viral aerosol, 91.3% o ka wai MS2 i ho'ā 'ole 'ia i loko o 1.5 mau minuke ma hope o ka 'ike 'ana i ka nui like o nā hawewe electromagnetic. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka hiki o ka radiation electromagnetic e hoʻopau i ka maʻi MS2 me ka nui o ka mana a me ka manawa hōʻike. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hiki ʻana o ka pono deactivation i kona waiwai kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana deactivation ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa hōʻike a hoʻonui paha i ka mana. No ka laʻana, he liʻiliʻi ke ola o ka maʻi MS2 ma 2.65% a 4.37% ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hawewe electromagnetic 2450 MHz a me 700 W, ʻaʻohe loli nui i loaʻa me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa hoʻolaha. ʻO Siddharta [3] i hoʻomālamalama i kahi hoʻokuʻu moʻomeheu cell i loaʻa i ka maʻi hepatitis C (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) me nā hawewe electromagnetic ma ke alapine o 2450 MHz a me ka mana o 360 W. Ua ʻike lākou ua hāʻule nui nā titers virus. ma hope o 3 mau minuke o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, e hōʻike ana he maikaʻi ka radiation hawewe electromagnetic e kūʻē i ka HCV a me ka maʻi HIV-1 a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. ke hoike pu ia. I ka wā e hoʻoulu ai i nā moʻomeheu HCV cell a me HIV-1 suspensions me nā hawewe electromagnetic haʻahaʻa me ka alapine o 2450 MHz, 90 W a i ʻole 180 W, ʻaʻohe hoʻololi i ka titer virus, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka luciferase reporter hana, a me kahi loli nui i ka maʻi maʻi viral. ua nānā ʻia. ma 600 a me 800 W no ka minuke 1, ʻaʻole i emi nui ka infectivity o nā maʻi ʻelua, i manaʻo ʻia e pili ana i ka mana o ka radiation hawewe electromagnetic a me ka manawa o ka ʻike wela koʻikoʻi.
Ua hōʻike mua ʻo Kaczmarczyk [8] i ka make o nā hawewe electromagnetic EHF e kūʻē i nā maʻi pathogenic wai i ka makahiki 2021. Ua hōʻike lākou i nā laʻana o ka coronavirus 229E a i ʻole poliovirus (PV) i nā hawewe electromagnetic ma ke alapine o 95 GHz a me ka mana nui o 70 a 100 W/cm2 no 2 kekona. ʻO ka hana inactivation o nā maʻi pathogenic ʻelua he 99.98% a me 99.375%. ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻike ana i nā hawewe electromagnetic EHF i nā manaʻo hoʻohana ākea i ke kahua o ka inactivation virus.
Ua loiloi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka UHF inactivation o nā maʻi ma nā ʻano media like ʻole e like me ka waiū umauma a me kekahi mau mea hoʻohana maʻamau i ka home. Ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi i nā masks anesthesia i haumia me ka adenovirus (ADV), poliovirus type 1 (PV-1), herpesvirus 1 (HV-1) a me ka rhinovirus (RHV) i ka radiation electromagnetic ma ke alapine o 2450 MHz a me ka mana o 720 watts. Ua hōʻike lākou ua lilo nā hoʻokolohua no nā antigens ADV a me PV-1 i mea maikaʻi ʻole, a ua hāʻule nā ​​​​titers HV-1, PIV-3, a me RHV i ka ʻole, e hōʻike ana i ka pau ʻole o nā maʻi āpau ma hope o 4 mau minuke o ka ʻike [15, 16]. ʻO Elhafi [17] i hōʻike pololei ʻia nā swabs i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi avian infectious bronchitis (IBV), avian pneumovirus (APV), maʻi maʻi Newcastle (NDV), a me ka maʻi maʻi avian influenza (AIV) i kahi umu microwave 2450 MHz, 900 W. lilo ko lakou infectivity. Ma waena o lākou, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo APV a me IBV i nā moʻomeheu o nā ʻōpū tracheal i loaʻa mai nā embryos moa o ka hanauna 5. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maʻi virus, ua ʻike mau ʻia ka waika nucleic viral e RT-PCR. Ua hōʻike pololei ʻo Ben-Shoshan [18] i nā hawewe electromagnetic 2450 MHz, 750 W i 15 cytomegalovirus (CMV) waiu waiu maikaʻi no 30 kekona. Hōʻike ka ʻike antigen e Shell-Vial i ka pau ʻole o ka CMV. Eia naʻe, ma 500 W, 2 o 15 mau laʻana ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i ka inactivation piha, e hōʻike ana i kahi pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka pono inactivation a me ka mana o nā hawewe electromagnetic.
He mea kūpono hoʻi e ʻike ʻia ua wānana ʻo Yang [13] i ke alapine resonant ma waena o nā hawewe electromagnetic a me nā maʻi ma muli o nā kumu hoʻohālike kino. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana maʻi H3N2 me ka nui o 7.5 × 1014 m-3, i hana ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻo Madin Darby dog ​​​​kidney cell (MDCK), i hōʻike pololei ʻia i nā nalu electromagnetic ma ke alapine o 8 GHz a me ka mana o 820. W/m² no 15 mau minuke. ʻO ka pae o ka inactivation o ka maʻi H3N2 hiki i 100%. Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi paepae theoretical o 82 W/m2, ʻo 38% wale nō o ka maʻi H3N2 i hoʻopau ʻia, e hōʻike ana e pili pono ana ka pono o ka EM-mediated virus inactivation i ka nui o ka mana. Ma muli o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua helu ʻo Barbora [14] i ka resonant frequency range (8.5-20 GHz) ma waena o nā hawewe electromagnetic a me SARS-CoV-2 a ua hoʻoholo ʻo 7.5 × 1014 m-3 o SARS-CoV-2 i hōʻike ʻia i nā hawewe electromagnetic. me ke alapine o 10-17 GHz a me ka mana nui o 14.5 ± 1 W/m2 no kahi o 15 minuke e hopena i ka 100% deactivation. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi hou e Wang [19] ʻo ka resonant frequencies o SARS-CoV-2 he 4 a me 7.5 GHz, e hōʻoia ana i ka noho ʻana o nā resonant frequency kūʻokoʻa i ka titer virus.
I ka hopena, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo e hiki i nā hawewe electromagnetic ke hoʻopili i nā aerosol a me nā hoʻokuʻu, a me ka hana o nā maʻi ma luna o nā papa. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pili pono o ka inactivation i ka pinepine a me ka mana o nā hawewe electromagnetic a me ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā alapine electromagnetic e pili ana i nā resonances kino he mea nui loa no ka inactivation virus [2, 13]. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka hopena o nā hawewe electromagnetic i ka hana o nā maʻi pathogenic i kālele nui ʻia i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka infectivity. Ma muli o ke ʻano hana paʻakikī, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau haʻawina i ka hopena o nā hawewe electromagnetic i ka replication a me ka transcription o nā maʻi pathogenic.
ʻO nā hana e hoʻopau ai nā hawewe electromagnetic i nā maʻi e pili kokoke ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi, ka pinepine a me ka mana o nā hawewe electromagnetic, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike nui ʻia. Ua kālele ʻia ka noiʻi hou ʻana i nā hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu wela, athermal, a me ke kūkulu ʻana.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hopena wela e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana ma muli o ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, ka hui ʻana a me ka friction o nā molekala polar i loko o nā kiko ma lalo o ka mana o nā hawewe electromagnetic. Ma muli o kēia waiwai, hiki i nā hawewe electromagnetic ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka mahana o ka maʻi ma luna o ka paepae o ka hoʻomanawanui physiological, e make ai ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, he liʻiliʻi nā molekole polar i loko o nā maʻi virus, e hōʻike ana he kakaikahi nā hopena wela ma luna o nā maʻi maʻi [1]. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā molekole polar i loko o ka waena a me ke kaiapuni, e like me nā molekala wai, e neʻe ana e like me ke kahua uila e hoʻohauʻoli ʻia e nā hawewe electromagnetic, e hana ana i ka wela ma o ka friction. Hoʻoili ʻia ka wela i ka maʻi virus e hoʻonui i kona mahana. Ke hoʻonui ʻia ka paepae hoʻomanawanui, hoʻopau ʻia nā nucleic acid a me nā protein, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka infectivity a hiki ke hoʻopau i ka maʻi.
Ua hōʻike kekahi mau pūʻulu e hiki i nā hawewe electromagnetic ke hōʻemi i ka infectivity o nā maʻi ma o ka ʻike wela [1, 3, 8]. ʻO Kaczmarczyk [8] i hōʻike ʻia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka coronavirus 229E i nā hawewe electromagnetic ma ke alapine o 95 GHz me ka mana mana o 70 a 100 W/cm² no 0.2-0.7 s. Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o 100 ° C i kēia kaʻina hana i ka luku ʻana i ka morphology virus a hoʻemi i ka hana virus. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia mau hopena wela ma ka hana ʻana o nā hawewe electromagnetic ma luna o nā molekele wai a puni. Siddharta [3] irradiated HCV i loko o ka moʻomeheu cell moʻomeheu hoʻomaha o nā genotypes like ʻole, me GT1a, GT2a, GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, GT6a a me GT7a, me nā hawewe electromagnetic ma ke alapine o 2450 MHz a me ka mana o 90 W a me 180 W, 360 W, 600 W a me 800 Tue Me ka hoonui ana i ka wela o ʻO ka moʻomeheu cell mai 26 ° C a 92 ° C, ua hoʻemi ka radiation electromagnetic i ka infectivity o ka maʻi a i ʻole i hoʻopau loa i ka maʻi. Akā, ua ʻike ʻia ka HCV i nā hawewe electromagnetic no ka manawa pōkole ma ka mana haʻahaʻa (90 a i ʻole 180 W, 3 mau minuke) a i ʻole ka mana kiʻekiʻe (600 a i ʻole 800 W, 1 minuke), ʻoiai ʻaʻohe piʻi nui o ka mahana a me ka loli nui o ka ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka maʻi virus i ka maʻi a i ʻole ka hana.
Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa ma luna nei ʻo ka hopena wela o nā hawewe electromagnetic kahi mea koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka infectivity a i ʻole ka hana o nā maʻi pathogenic. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui i ka hopena wela o ka radiation electromagnetic inactivates pathogenic virus ma mua o UV-C a me ka hoʻomehana maʻamau [8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
Ma waho aʻe o nā hopena wela, hiki i nā hawewe electromagnetic ke hoʻololi i ka polarity o nā molekole e like me nā microbial proteins a me nā nucleic acids, e hoʻohuli ai i nā molekala a haʻalulu, e hoʻemi ana i ka viability a i ʻole ka make [10]. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o ka polarity o nā hawewe electromagnetic ke kumu o ka polarization protein, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka wili a me ka curvature o ka ʻōnaehana protein a, i ka hopena, i ka denaturation protein [11].
ʻO ka hopena nonthermal o nā hawewe electromagnetic i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka maʻi e hoʻomau mau nei i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā haʻawina i hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi [1, 25]. E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma luna, hiki i nā nalu electromagnetic ke komo pololei i ka protein envelop o ka maʻi MS2 a luku i ka nucleic acid o ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka MS2 virus aerosol i nā hawewe electromagnetic ma mua o ka wai MS2. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā molekole polar, e like me nā molekole wai, i loko o ke kaiapuni e hoʻopuni ana i nā aerosol virus MS2, hiki i nā hopena athermic ke pāʻani i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka inactivation virus-mediated electromagnetic [1].
ʻO ke ʻano o ka resonance e pili ana i ka manaʻo o kahi ʻōnaehana kino e hoʻomoʻi hou i ka ikehu mai kona kaiapuni ma kona alapine maoli a me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu. Loaʻa ka resonance ma nā wahi he nui o ke ʻano. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo nā maʻi maʻi e hoʻopiʻi me nā microwaves o ke alapine like ʻole i kahi mode dipole acoustic palena, kahi hanana resonance [2, 13, 26]. ʻO nā ʻano hana resonant o ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o kahi hawewe electromagnetic a me kahi maʻi maʻi e huki nui aʻe i ka nānā. ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu resonance structural (SRET) mai nā nalu electromagnetic i pani ʻia i nā oscillations acoustic (CAV) i loko o nā maʻi hiki ke alakaʻi i ka haki ʻana o ka membrane viral ma muli o ke kū'ē ʻana i nā haʻalulu core-capsid. Eia kekahi, pili ka pono holoʻokoʻa o SRET i ke ʻano o ke kaiapuni, kahi e hoʻoholo ai ka nui a me ka pH o ka mea viral i ka resonant frequency a me ka absorption ikehu, i kēlā me kēia [2, 13, 19].
ʻO ka hopena resonance kino o nā hawewe electromagnetic ka mea nui i ka hana ʻole ʻana o nā maʻi i hoʻopuni ʻia, i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi membrane bilayer i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā protein viral. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻo ka deactivation o H3N2 e nā hawewe electromagnetic me ke alapine o 6 GHz a me ka mana mana o 486 W / m² ma muli o ka haki kino o ka pūpū ma muli o ka hopena resonance [13]. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mahana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka H3N2 ma 7 ° C wale nō ma hope o 15 mau minuke o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, akā naʻe, no ka hoʻopau ʻole ʻana o ka maʻi H3N2 kanaka ma ka hoʻomehana wela, pono kahi mahana ma luna o 55 ° C [9]. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like like no nā maʻi e like me SARS-CoV-2 a me H3N1 [13, 14]. Eia kekahi,ʻo ka hoʻopauʻoleʻia o nā maʻi e nā hawewe electromagneticʻaʻole ia e alakaʻi i ka hōʻinoʻia o nā genomes RNA viral [1,13,14]. No laila, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka inactivation o ka maʻi H3N2 e ka resonance kino ma mua o ka ʻike wela [13].
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hopena wela o nā hawewe electromagnetic, ʻo ka inactivation o nā maʻi ma muli o ka resonance kino e koi ai i nā palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, aia ma lalo o nā kūlana palekana microwave i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) [2, 13]. ʻO ke alapine resonant a me ka nui o ka mana e hilinaʻi ʻia i nā waiwai kino o ka maʻi, e like me ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me ka elasticity, a ʻo nā maʻi āpau i loko o ke alapine resonant hiki ke kuhikuhi pono ʻia no ka inactivation. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke komo ʻana, ka nele o ka radiation ionizing, a me ka palekana maikaʻi, ʻo ka inactivation virus i hoʻopili ʻia e ka hopena athermic o CPET e hoʻohiki nei no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi kanaka i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi pathogenic [14, 26].
Ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana o nā maʻi ma ka pae wai a ma luna o ka ʻili o nā media like ʻole, hiki i nā hawewe electromagnetic ke hana maikaʻi me nā aerosol viral [1, 26], he mea holomua a he koʻikoʻi nui no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka lawe ʻana o ka ka maʻi maʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i loko o ke kaiāulu. ahulau. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai resonance kino o nā hawewe electromagnetic he mea nui i kēia kahua. I ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ke alapine resonant o kahi virion a me nā hawewe electromagnetic, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā maʻi āpau i loko o ka resonant frequency range o ka ʻeha, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia me nā ʻano hana inactivation virus maʻamau [13,14,26]. ʻO ka inactivation electromagnetic o nā maʻi he noiʻi hoʻohiki me ka noiʻi nui a me ka waiwai a me ka hiki.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻenehana pepehi kanaka maʻamau, loaʻa i nā nalu electromagnetic nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻalahi, kūpono, palekana kaiapuni i ka wā e pepehi ai i nā maʻi ma muli o kāna mau waiwai kino kūikawā [2, 13]. Eia naʻe, nui nā pilikia i koe. ʻO ka mea mua, ua kaupalena ʻia ka ʻike hou i nā waiwai kino o nā hawewe electromagnetic, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā hawewe electromagnetic [10, 27]. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina o nā nalu electromagnetic ma nā alapine ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā alapine mai 100 kHz a 300 MHz a mai 300 GHz a 10 THz. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano o ka pepehi ʻana i nā maʻi pathogenic e nā hawewe electromagnetic, a ua aʻo ʻia nā maʻi spherical a me ke koʻokoʻo [2]. Eia kekahi, liʻiliʻi nā mea maʻi virus, ʻaʻohe kelepona, hoʻololi maʻalahi, a pālahalaha wikiwiki, hiki ke pale i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka maʻi. Pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ʻenehana hawewe electromagnetic e lanakila ai i ka hurdle o ka inactivating pathogenic virus. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka ikehu ʻālohilohi e nā molekole polar i loko o ke kikowaena, e like me nā molekele wai, ka hopena i ka nalowale o ka ikehu. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka maikaʻi o SRET e kekahi mau hana i ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā maʻi virus [28]. Hiki i ka hopena SRET ke hoʻololi i ka maʻi e hoʻololi i kona kaiapuni, e hopena i ke kū'ē i nā hawewe electromagnetic [29].
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka ʻenehana o ka virus inactivation me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hawewe electromagnetic. Pono e kuhikuhi ʻia ka noiʻi ʻepekema kumu i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka maʻi e nā hawewe electromagnetic. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o nā maʻi maʻi ke ʻike ʻia i nā nalu electromagnetic, ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka hana non-thermal e pepehi ai i nā maʻi pathogenic, a me ke ʻano o ka hopena SRET ma waena o nā hawewe electromagnetic a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā maʻi e pono e wehewehe ʻia. Pono nā noiʻi noiʻi e hoʻopaʻa i ka pale ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ikehu radiation e nā molekole polar, e aʻo i ka hopena o nā hawewe electromagnetic o nā alapine like ʻole i nā maʻi maʻi pathogenic, a e aʻo i ka hopena non-thermal o nā hawewe electromagnetic i ka luku ʻana i nā maʻi pathogenic.
Ua lilo nā hawewe electromagnetic i ala hoʻohiki no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi pathogenic. Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana hawewe electromagnetic ka maikaʻi o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, a me ka maikaʻi o ka inactivation virus pathogen kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke lanakila i nā palena o ka ʻenehana anti-virus kuʻuna. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka noiʻi hou ʻana e hoʻoholo i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻenehana hawewe electromagnetic a wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka inactivation virus.
Hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hana a me ka hana o nā maʻi maʻi pathogenic i kekahi ʻano o ka radiation hawewe electromagnetic. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi e pili kokoke ana i ka pinepine, ka nui o ka mana, a me ka manawa hoʻolaha. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mīkini hiki ke loaʻa i ka wela, athermal, a me nā hopena resonance structural o ka hoʻoili ikehu. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻenehana antiviral kuʻuna, ʻo ka inactivation virus ma muli o ka hawewe electromagnetic i loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o ka maʻalahi, ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka pollution haʻahaʻa. No laila, ua lilo ka inactivation virus-mediated electromagnetic i ʻenehana antiviral hoʻohiki no nā noi e hiki mai ana.
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